design history 2009

Tuesday, February 24, 2009

POST 1 - CIEN - BOATS

Ships and boats are the oldest types of transport. The first ships were built many thousands of years ago. Ships and boats are used for travel, by the armed forces for our defence, for fishing, for transporting cargo between countries, and for leisure, sport and relaxation.

Three quarters of all goods carried from country to country must cross oceans and seas in ships and boats.

Thousands of years ago several logs were tied together with creepers allowing a person to stand and steer.

Later, people made the first real boats by hollowing out logs.

4000 BC: Boat builders in ancient Egypt used reeds to build what were probably the first sailing boats.

2500 BC the Egyptians were building wooden boats that could sail across oceans.

1000AD Viking longboats had sails as well as up to 60 oarsmen who rowed the ship. long and narrow so were able to travel on the open sea, as well as along rivers.

1100 AD Chinese junks were sailing boats with a rudder for steering the boat. They were fighting and transport ships.

1450 onwards: Three and four masted sailing ships were in service for several centuries.

1819 The first steamships to cross the Atlantic combined steam and wind power.

1910 Coal burning sailing ships were converted to diesel power, using oil instead of steam.

1990s Cruise liners are ships that carry hundreds of people on floating holidays. Passengers live on the ship, which has restaurants, shops, cinemas and other recreation venues.

Modern nuclear powered aircraft carriers, battle cruisers, destroyers, used to keep a country safe and to protect its territory.

http://www.kidcyber.com.au/topics/shipstimeline.html
http://www.kidcyber.com.au/IMAGES/logboat.jpg
http://seshdotcom.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/s1.jpg
http://kota-mama.awc.co.uk/explore/reed/boat.jpg
http://www.kidcyber.com.au/IMAGES/sailship.jpg
http://img291.imageshack.us/img291/1092/400pxbarquesolaire2vk2.jpg

Bronson: "a short history of the Motion Picture"

Dear avid readers,

The History of motion pictures spans over

a hundred years, from the beginning 19th century to the beginning of the 21st becoming one of the most important communication,

entertainment and mass media tools of the 20th Century.

1878~ "the birth of film" - fast motion

O_O "wow, look it's a pony"

invented: Eadweard Muybridge
photographed a horsefast motion using a series of 24 stereoscopic cameras
cameras were arranged along a track parallel to the horse's, and each of the camera shutters was controlled by a trip wire which was triggered by the horse's hooves.
Muybridge pictures were cut into strips and used in a Praxinoscope

1877- Praxinoscope (one year before hand) a French dude called Charles Emile Reynaud invented a 'projector' device with a mirrored drum that created the illusion of movement. {wow, thats amazing}

the fast motion picture was also viewed on a Mutoscope {below}

1895~ "l'Motion Picture Camera"

Frenchman Louis Lumiere is often credited with the invention the first motion picture camera.
(although there where several other similar motion picture devices in circulation at the same time Lumiere invented his). However what made Lumiere invention different was that it was a portable motion-picture camera, film processing unit and projector, called the Cinematographe. Three functions covered in one invention. {left}
The Cinematographe made motion pictures very popular, Lumiere and his brother being the first to project, moving, photographic, pictures to a paying audience of more then one. (And it could be said that Lumiere's invention began the era of motion picture)

1926~"THE AGE OF SILENT FILM ENDS."

For the first 30 years of motion pictures was spent in silence. The early pioneers in the film industry spent there time continuing to create new filming techniques, taking the film from one-reelers (created 1896 by French magician Georges Méliès) to multi-reelers (in 1912).
the first sound picture however was created in 1926 by Warner Brother Studios, using a process called a Vitaphone, that could record musical and spoken passages on a large disk that were then synchronized with the action on the screen.
A Vitaphone-equipped theater used special projectors, an amplifier, and speakers. The projectors operated as normal motorized silent projectors would, but also provided a mechanical interlock with an attached phonograph turntable. When the projector was threaded, the projectionist would align a start mark on the film with the picture gate, and would at the same time place a phonograph record on the turntable, being careful to align the phonograph needle with an arrow scribed on the record's label.
In 1927, Warner Brothers released The Jazz Singer, their first talking picture, starring the entertainer Al Jolson, and sound films were an immediate success with the public. Jolson's line “You ain't heard nothing yet!” from The Jazz Singer signaled the end of the silent era.

"The Jazz Singer" (1927)

"Mammy" (1930)

1933~"The Advent of Colour"

Experiments with color films had begun as early as 1906, and color was used occasionally as a novelty, but most of the processes developed, including early two-color Technicolor, were disappointing and failed to generate any enthusiasm on the part of the public.
By 1933, the Technicolor process had been perfected as a commercially viable three-color system (cyan, magenta, and yellow), which was first used in the 1935 film "Becky Sharp".
Technicolor became known and celebrated for its hyper-realistic, saturated levels of color, and was used commonly for filming musicals (such as Easter Parade, Singin' in the Rain, and Wizard of Oz)
The popularity of color grew, and it was used increasingly throughout the 1940s.

"Singin' in the Rain" (1952)

1953~"CinemaScope"

Created a wide-screen revolution in the film industry.
In rapid succession studios introduced a series of wide-screen processes.
Although CinemaScope was shortly made obsolete by new technological developments, the anamorphic presentation of films initiated by CinemaScope in the 1950s has continued to this day.

1980's- "A New Digital Age"

as the world embraced the digital age so did film.
Digital cinematography captures motion pictures digitally, in a process analogous to digital photography. While there is no clear technical distinction that separates the images captured in digital cinematography from video, the term "digital cinematography" is usually applied only in cases where digital acquisition is substituted for film acquisition, such as when shooting a feature film. The term is not generally applied when digital acquisition is substituted for analog video acquisition, as with live broadcast television programs.

..."and, THATS A RAP!"

bibliography:

Product History [CAMERA] - Chris

DESIGN TIME LINE OF THE CAMERA!

1664-1666 - Isaac Newton discovers white light is composed of different colours

1826 - Joseph Nicephore Niepce takes the first permanent photograph(2), using bitumen dissolved with lavender oil he coated a piece of pewter and place it in the Camera Obscura(1) He called this process Heliography meaning "sun writing"

(1) The Camera Obscura -

(2) The First Permanent Photograph -

1859 - Thomas Sutton invented the earliest panoramic camera(3). The

Camera consisted of a glass sphere filled with water to create an image in a 120 degrees arc.

(3) Earliest panoramic camera -

1861 - James Clerk Maxwell creates the first colour photograph!(4)

(4) First Colour Photograph -

1888 - The first Kodak Box Camera(5) design is mass produced and put on the market.

(5) Kodak n°1 box camera -

1898 - Kodak introduce to the market the new more compact camera(6) with folding capabilities.

(6) Folding Pocket Kodak -

1900 - Kodak Brownie (7), which also sprouted off the Beau Brownie (8)

(7) Kodak Brownie no. 2

(8) 1930 Kodak Beau Brownie by Walter Dorwin Teague - Designer

1914 - Kodak Autographic film camera (9) introduced.

(9) Kodak Autographic Camera Jr.

1925 - Leica produce a Leica I (10), using 35mm format

(10) Leica I

1936 - IHAGEE introduce the Exakta 1 (11) the first 35mm SLR

(11) Exakta 1 ~~~~

1947 - Harold Edgerton invents the Rapatronic High Speed Camera used to photograph nuclear explosions (12) which recorded exposure for 10 nanoseconds

(12) Nuclear explosion photographed by rapatronic camera

1948 - The Hasselblad 1600F (13) camera was introduced

(13) The Hasselblad 1600F

1954 - Leica M3 (14) is introduced

(14) Leica M3

1959 — The first system camera the Nikon F (15) is introduced

(15) Nikon F

1961 - Polaroid J66 (16)

(16) Polaroid J66

1963 - Kodak introduces the Instamatic 100 (17)

(17) Insamatic 100

1964 - First Pentax Spotmatic camera (18), first camera to initiate the through-the-lens (TTL) exposure metering

(18) Pentax Spotmatic

1975 - Steven Sasson (19) invents the first digital camera

(19) First Digital Camera with Steven Sasson

1990 - "Kodak developed the Photo CD system and proposed "the first worldwide standard for defining color in the digital environment of computers and computer peripherals." In 1991, Kodak released the first professional digital camera system (DCS), aimed at photojournalists. It was a Nikon F-3 (20) camera equipped by Kodak with a 1.3 megapixel sensor." [1]

(20) Nikon F-3